nationalism in the sixteenth century. He was keenly aware (p. 
4) that there was no nationalism in the modern sense before 
the sixteenth century when the modern state system of Europe 
emerged:

          The states which composed this new system were 
     very different from the “nations” of primitive tribesmen. 
     They were much larger and much looser. They were more 
     in the nature of agglomerations of peoples with diverse 
     languages and dialects and with divergent traditions and 
     institutions. In most of them a particular people, a 
     particular nationality, constituted the core and furnished 
     the governing class and the official language, and in all of 
     them minority as well as majority nationalities usually 
     evinced a high degree of loyalty to a common monarch or 
     “sovereign”. They were referred to, in contradistinction to